Oligonucleotide Adjuvants for T Helper 1 (Th1)–specific Vaccination

Oligonucleotide Adjuvants for T Helper 1 (Th1)–specific Vaccination

T helper cell 1 (Th1)-dependent delayed hypersensitivity reactions are an important part of host defenses against intracellular infections. Yet, more than two centuries after Jenner's successful inoculation against smallpox, we still do not know exactly how to produce safe vaccines that stimulate Th1 immunity. Specialized bone marrow–derived an-tigen-presenting cells normally are required to in...

CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) that contain unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) induce macrophages to secrete IL-12, which induces interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion by natural killer (NK) cells. Since these cytokines can induce T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation, we examined the effects of coadministered CpG ODN on the differentiation of Th responses to hen egg lysozyme (HEL). In both BALB/c ...

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy and Synbiotic Combination Shift T-Helper 1 and Cytotoxic T Cells in Allergic Rhinitis

Background: Synbiotics have been used in the prevention and treatment of various immunological diseases. We aimed to investigate the synergistic clinical and immunologic effects of synbiotics and subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) combination in patients with allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods: Nineteen individuals with all...

ERM immersion vaccination and adjuvants

t-helper cell type-1 transcription factor t-bet is down-regulated in type 1 diabetes

t cells have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. however, the exact role of t-cell subpopulations in this pathway is presently unknown. the purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of two lineage-specifying transcription factors gata - 3 and t - bet , which are important in t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 cell development , respectively. gene e...